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A recipe for energy efficiency: an optical sensor that also processes data. The transparent dome represents interactions between photons (red and green) and the nanoscale elements on the substrate. Carbon nanotubes with quantum dots (small spheres) are shown connected to CMOS circuitry below. (Credit: François Léonard/Sandia National Laboratories) Andromeda Galaxy, like our own and many other galaxies, has a supermassive black hole at the center. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech Participants working in the lab. Credit: Maurice Garcia-Scivares, Berkeley Lab In this plasma simulation, a pulse of laser light (red) tows a wake of electrons (blue), which other electrons (magenta) surf to enormous energies. Image Credit: Carlo Benedetti, Berkeley Lab Photo montage of Berkeley Lab's Inventors and Developers of the Year FY2024. Top row left to right: Joe Palasz, Damian Rouson, Sebastien Biraud, Gerd Ceder. Bottom row left to right: Mike Tucker, Gang Huang, Yilun Xu. Credit: Ruby Barcklay, Berkeley Lab Caption: From left: Raúl Briceño, Stefan Wild, and Ahmet Kusoglu. Credit: Jenny Nuss/Berkeley Lab. ALT: Three people in circular frames on a gradient background, all smiling. Berkeley Lab News Center feature image montage. Credit: Jenny Nuss, Berkeley Lab 2024's Biggest Breakthroughs in Physics - Quanta Magazine A plasma channel forms in a sheet of supersonic gas. (Credit: Alexander Picksley and Anthony Gonsalves/Berkeley Lab) BELLA Center Staff Scientist Stepan Bulanov. Matthew Fullmer/Berkeley Lab Olga Shapoval, research scientist in the ATAP's Advanced Modeling Program at Berkeley Lab. Thor Swift/Berkeley Lab ATAP Deputy Division Director, Operations, Asmita Patel (far left), joins students participating in High Schools STEM Day. Photo: Berkeley Lab